Square



3 Sheets-Sheet 1- SQUARE R. A. GERMAN ET AL Fild April 1'7, 1922 June 23, 1925.

WITNESS:

June 23, 1925.

R. A. GERMAN ET AL SQUARE Filed April 1'?. 1922 5 sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY wmfsss:

June 23, 1925. 1,543,565

- R. A. GERMAN ET Al.

SQUARE Filed April 17, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Kulllull-lllnllulluilllllllllllhllnllml mvENTbR l a nu ATTORNEY mw vmjm@ Patented June 23, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EoY A. GERMAN AND ALBERT o. ERNEST, or WAco, TEXAS.

i SQUARE.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that we, ROY A. GERMAN and ALBERT C. ERNEST, citizens of the United States, residing at lVac0,in the county of McLennan and State of Texas, have in-Y vented new and useful Improvements in Squares, of which the following isa speciiication.

Our present invention has reference to a combination instrument for use by mechanics.

The primary object of thevinvention is to produce a protractor or gauge for use -by carpenters in cutting the rafters for a building roof which will obviate the use of the ordinary carpenters square in determining the angles at which theV rafters are to be cut and which will further 'obviate the necessity of a carpenter making calculations.

A further object is to produce in a single instrument, a rule, a bevel, a level, a square, a protractor, a roof framer, a caliper, a compass, anl ordinary gauge, and a pulley and mortise gauge.

The foregoing objects may bey accomplished by a'construction such asis disclosed by the drawings which accompany and which form part of this specification.

In the drawings I Figure 1 is a plan view of an instrument embodying` the present invention showing the same in the nature of a square.

Figure 2 is a similar view looking toward l outwardly to exert `a .frictional engagement y the reverse side ofthe instrument.

.Figure 3 is a plan view showing the manner in which the instrument can be employed as a pulley gauge or compass. ,f Figure 4 is a sectional view onthe line 4% of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an edge elevation of the device. I Figure 6 is an edge elevation Vof Figure 1 Figure 7 is an elevation of one of the parts embodying the invention.

Figure 8 is a detail View. Our improvement includes. primarily a stock 1 and a blade 2. The stock is centrally slotted from one of its ends for the'inajor.

portion of its length, the bladebeing. received in the slot and being pivotally connected thereto by a preferably threaded ele-A Y ment 3 that, is engaged by anut/t. By turn- Applilication filed April 17, 1922. Serial No. 553,904.

ing the element 3 to cause the shank thereof to engage the threads of the nut the head portion .of the said element will bind upon one of the sides of the stock, compressing both sides of the said stock and binding the blade therebetween, and whereby the said blade may be retained at desired angles with respect to vthe stock.

The stock, on one of its faces has a com-` ,paratively wide depression of a length slightly less than that of the stock, the side walls formed by the depression being'beveled inwardly, and the said depression providing a pocket 5 for a yrule 6 Figs. 1 and t. The rule has its edges beveled outwardly and being of a width corresponding with that of the pocket, the said edges aredesigned to engage with the inclined side walls of the said pocket and by virtue of theffriction exerted by such engagement, the rule is normally held in the, pocket and likewise properly held when .partly withdrawn from the pocket. In this manner, the rule can be employed as a Vgauge kin connection with ,with the side walls of Athe pocket. The rule 8, at its outer end has a right angularly arranged finger 9, and the stock `1 has its outer end provided with'` a notch 10 Fig. 6 to receive the finger therein, when the rule `.is fully received in the pocket 7. The rule is provided with a depression forming a finger/ hold 11, andv the -rule 6 has a central de- `pression 12 for the thumb of the operator in partly withdrawing the rule y withdrawing or from the pocket The finger 9 on the rule v8, in combination with'the outer and straight end 13 vof the stock provides the device with a caliper which may be employed for measuring the Vthickness of plates, pipes, rods, etc. 'The stock has on what I will term its inner face a depression or pocket in which is seated a bubble glass 14, so that the stock can be employed as a level.

The blade 2 has its corner beyond its pivot rounded and formed with a right angular extension 15 Fig. 7, the inner edge between the extension and blade proper being` formed with a diagonal brace at an angle of approximately 41,50 drawings by the numeral 16. Above the edge of the brace 16 the blade has inscribed on one of its faces the pitch or rise of rafters or other materials to be cut. Gn the blade, outward of the said inscriptions, degree lines are inscribed, the same being arranged on both sides ofthe blade and beingV continued along the outer edge ,16, of the lower straight edge 17 Fig. Sg'p'rovidedby the extension 15, andthe'onter edge of the extension. These degree marks are broadly indicated by the numeral 18, and on the face A Fig. 2 of the blade outward of the degree marks 1S thereon there. are arranged in spaced columns, disposed opposite the rise and pitch inscriptions, numerals whereby the degrees of different cuts of yrafters may be obtained without mental calculation. On the face B, Figure 1, the inscription reads from the outerto the inner edge- Rise or pitch. l

Common rafter b'ottomand top cut.

Hip rafter bottom and top cut.

Octagon hip rafter bottom and top cut. Side cut of jack rafters.'v

' Side cut of hip on ridge.

Side cut of sheeting.

Side cut of Octagon sheeting.

Side cut'of'octagon jacks.

As stated, in a line with these are the columns of figures, and we will suppose that aV common rafter is to be cut with an 8-in`ch rise. XVe' therefore look for the charg acter S in the upper numeral column and then Vlook for the column for the top and bottoni out of the commony rafter, and will` find" directly below the numeral 8t'he numeral 34. rIhe blade is then turned until the degree mark 34 is brought in aline withV the inner edge of the stock' and thew the top andlbottom cutof the raft-errand notch for the plate is thus obtained. For hip rafters, the same method'is employed, and at the third linethe character 25 will be found, the blade being set at 25D. which' gives the top and bottom cnt of the hip'V rafter and also the notch for' the. plate. Theside cnt for the jack rafters and the side cut' for the hip and ridge rafters are all obtained inthe same manner.

The inscription on the face A of the blade reads from the outer to the linner edge of the blade- Pitch or rise.

Length' of common rafter per ruiming foot;

and is indicated in the.

and outward of the degree marks on the said face A of the blade numerals and fractions thereof arranged in columns opposite the referred to inscriptions. To obtain the length of a common rafter, we will snppose' that the building is 16 feet wide and that the rafter will reach only one-half way across th`e"building and is therefore lfeetin' length'. Vile', have 8 inch rise on a one-third pitch andwe will'iind under the character 8 in the numeral column, the iigure l143/8, which is. the length ofthe common rafter per foot'run. At 9 inch rise we will have 15 inches' if the building is 16 feet wide, and therefore will step off 8 times 15 inches whichl gives us the'length of the rafters at 9 inch rise. le obtain the length of the hip. rafter in the same manner. 7e will suppose the length of the first]V jack rafter is 16 inches center. Ve will find under 8 or'y whatever rise we desire,

Y 19% inches which is the length ofthe lirst jack. Then the length of the first jack is 211 inches center fwemark olf the same in inches and for the length of the first jack under 8. we 'will findL on YAthe blade "267/8 inch-es length. Y i

The' extension, the straight lower end thereof and the outer inclined portion between the last mentioned portion and the blade proper are all spaced away fromeacli other and theinner edge of the said extension is provided 1 with spaced notches; 19, Figure and the portionV 17 between the extension and the beveled portion 16 is providedl with spaced' holes r2O. The eX- tensionmay be likewise provided with one or morenhoies'l 21. Thenotches 19 are inscribed with fractions of inches, rand by placing the pencil throughthe holes V2O which are of anfinch apart,`iproper mark-r the notches 19.

The improvement may, of course, be e1nployedas' a square, and from the foregoing description, when'V taken in connection with the drawings, it is'thought the'construction and advantages of the devicewill be apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention relates, andthatfnrther detailed description willfnot be required.V

Having described the invention, claim In a device" of the class described, a slotted stock having .straight edges, a blade received in the slot' of the stock and pivblade,

otally clamped thereto, said blade having an extension substantially in the form of a right angle triangle, the outer portion of which being straight and parallel With the said extension being provided on its outer edges with degree marks and the blade having similar degree marks, and said marks designed to register with the edge of the stock when the blade is swung through the stock, .said extension having 10 spaced apertures therethrough, one edge of its outer member provided with substantially V-shaped notches and a scale Whose division marks register With the notches.

In testimony whereof We aHiX our signa- 15 tures.

ROY A GERMAN.

ALBERT C. ERNEST. 

